V2EX peaks over threshold

Peaks Over Threshold

定义 Definition

Peaks over threshold(POT,超阈值峰值法):极值理论/极端事件建模中的一种方法,只对超过某个阈值(threshold)的观测值进行建模,常用广义帕累托分布(GPD)来描述这些“超阈值超额”(exceedances),用于估计罕见高值/大损失的概率与风险指标。(该短语也可更宽泛地指“超过阈值的峰值”。)

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/piks ovr θrhold/

例句 Examples

We model floods using peaks over threshold data.
我们用超阈值峰值(POT)数据来建模洪水。

Using a peaks over threshold approach, the analyst estimated the 100-year return level from exceedances above a carefully chosen threshold.
采用超阈值峰值法(POT),分析师基于超过精心选择阈值的超额数据估计了“百年一遇”水平。

词源 Etymology

该术语来自极值理论(Extreme Value Theory)的统计建模传统:把“极端”定义为超过某个阈值的观测(peaks over a threshold),从而避免只看每年最大值等“块最大值”(block maxima)所带来的信息损失。POT 方法在20世纪后期由统计学界系统化,并与广义帕累托分布(GPD)的理论联系紧密。

相关词 Related Words

文学与著作中的用例 Literary Works

  • Coles, An Introduction to Statistical Modeling of Extreme Values(2001)介绍 POT 与 GPD 的核心方法与实践。
  • Embrechts, Klüppelberg & Mikosch, Modelling Extremal Events for Insurance and Finance(1997)在保险与金融极端风险中系统讨论 POT 思路。
  • Davison & Smith, “Models for Exceedances over High Thresholds”(1990)经典论文,推动超阈值建模在统计中的应用与规范化。
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